Protest Ends With Violence - Apartheid Throngs of native South Africans protesting and holding up signs. Men with signs: "Africa, Freedom in Our Lifetime." MS - South African police. Plane flies overhead. Vehicle of some sort drives along road. Black men sitting and lying on the ground (injured? dead?), a few white men (police?) now present. MS - Men sitting on the ground, some laying down and one looks he might be dead. MCUS - A medic or doctor attending another man's wounds. One man wraps a wounded man's leg. MS - Ambulance leaving the scene Sharpeville massacre
The Africans: New Conflicts - South Africa Apartheid. Regards the constant state of internal conflict endured by many African countries in post-colonial times. Edited unmixed program originally shot on film. MSs white South African police officers in dress uniforms marching in funeral parade; MSs policemen carrying coffin; MSs white Afrikaners weeping at cemetery, gravediggers digging in FG.
Apartheid Crisis: Friction Continues During UN Debate New York, NY Tilt down exterior United Nations building, New York. Interior, MS - People meeting inside U.N. Henry Cabot Lodge (?). Man steps up to table, sits, and speaks into microphone. South Africa Ships at idle docks. MS - Ship yard with docked ships. MS - A group of people outside a store. Caucasian people wait in line (queue) outside shop. Sign: "Plans to Maintain Bread and Milk Supplies." Man in sweater hawking newspapers at intersection, cars in bg. Funeral procession: black (Negro, colored, coloured) crowd, mainly men, walk through street carrying caskets. Then more scenes which might be related and/or could be a protest or demonstration: many black people walk along road, a few carrying umbrellas (due to sun), then walk into a field.
Footage of Black South African men with chains on hands. Arrest. Apartheid
Riding in a car. A Black South African man tells the story of his arrest and 9 year imprisonment. Apartheid
Even The Grass Grows Red Here "This film was made in 104 days of shooting over the entire continent of Africa. It is a history of how the blacks came to be dominated by the whites in the various countries of Africa. It is a history of slaughter and killings, going back 300 years, of how the whites brutally usurped the land of the blacks." Soviet propaganda film. South Africa Black South Africans being arrested by state police. Apartheid
Even The Grass Grows Red Here "This film was made in 104 days of shooting over the entire continent of Africa. It is a history of how the blacks came to be dominated by the whites in the various countries of Africa. It is a history of slaughter and killings, going back 300 years, of how the whites brutally usurped the land of the blacks." Soviet propaganda film. South Africa White South African talks about how they had to structure society to move forward without endangering the future of the whites. He claims it is an issue of White survival. Apartheid
Violence in South Africa, soldiers fire guns from armored trucks at people on the street - people run seeking shelter. Apartheid violence.
President RONALD REAGAN in oval office signing legislation of limited sanctions against the South African government due to apartheid
Crowded street protest in South Africa as it is being broken up by violent police officers. Apartheid violence
Representative WILLIAM GRAY (D - Pennsylvania) explains to an interviewer why he'll support the Senate bill on sanctioning South Africa. I for one will be prepared to support the Senate bill, even though it is not nearly as strong as I think it should be or I think the action should be that we ought to take. The reality is that we only have about 3 weeks and unless we pass a piece of legislation and give it to the President next week, there is a possibility that he could pocket-veto it. By that I mean, just simply put in his pocket, we adjourn, he doesn t sign it, he kills the bill, and thus we have no way to override his veto It is my understanding that the Senate is saying to the House that they are willing to override a Presidential veto if the final product is very close to the position they passed. I prefer that we could go to conference and toughen the sanctions, but the real political pressure here is do you want to have a sanctions bill Senator RICHARD LUGAR (R - Indiana) stands at a podium. Representative WILLIAM GRAY (D - Pennsylvania) I just think that Senator Lugar basically is trying to protect the White House. I think that if the Republican leadership of the Senate had their way, they would like to be able to say their members voted for sanctions back in August and now let s kill the bill and have no sanctions. I think that s where the Republican leadership is in the Senate. And I think that s unfortunate because I think that s out of step with where the American people are. And it s tragic to see an attitude of diversion, derailment, similar to what we saw last year when the leadership of the Senate, at the behest of the President, did a similar thing.
TLS/MSs of South Africa military parade performing before military ceremony; MS white SA officers receiving decorations.
MS/MCUs of white South African troops in trucks driving through a black township; soldiers receive orders by radio and pass groups of black residents; MSs soldiers interrogating black man, going through his belongings; MSs of black residents being searched at roadside security checkpoints (their cars and possessions are searches, as well). Apartheid.
TLS black South Africans marching; singing and chanting, many young men and women and children. MS/MCUs at funeral of a black South African activist; a speaker invokes names of jailed black leaders, including Nelson Mandela; another man says the activist's death must be avenged; a woman deplores the devious means of informers and the police; another man leads a chant of names of jailed liberation leaders; quick MS back of man's t-shirt which reads, No Peace Under Apartheid.
An interfaith Anti-Apartheid rally; Muslims, black Africans, and some whites; a Muslim leader says that divisions must be overcome to defeat Apartheid; a Christian leader says that there must be unity, unity between Christians and Muslims that would threaten the power of Apartheid.
TLS/MSs of Muslims marching in Anti-Apartheid rally after the funeral of a young man killed by police; many banners, one of which reads, Death to Apartheid; TLS of a coffin draped in white sheet being carried through crowd; Muslims carry a banner calling for release of Mandela; audio of a Muslim speaker saying that there should be jihad against the apartheid system; MCU Muslim man calling for revolt against the terrorism of the government and security forces, saying that Islam is by nature militant and therefore it is just to attack the government forces.
The Africans: New Conflicts - South Africa Apartheid. Regards the constant state of internal conflict endured by many African countires in post-colonial times. Edited unmixed program originally shot on film. MS of white Afrikaner loading a pistol; MS/MCUs of white South Africans loading pistols and ammunition belts, taking target practice at a firing range; MSs of the Afrikaners checking their targets. shooting range. handgun
Panning LS squalid black township of South Africa; poverty, shantytown. Over the shoulder MS white cop driving van; VO says the white police forces still ensure that all violence takes place in the Townships; MSs of troops, stores of weapons & tear gas back of van; MS black policeman looking apprehensive; police trucks with prisoners in cages roll through township; MS black residents sing songs to heckle the cops and support their fellows; MSs black teenagers throwing rocks at police vans & Afrikaners; TLS moving police van, the windshield shattering from hurled rock;
MS young black leader advocating violent rebellion against apartheid. This year will be a year of violence.
TLS 4X2 pickup driven by old white man getting hit with rock, windshield breaking.
MS young black leader advocating violent rebellion against apartheid. and the slogan is attack !
MSs black teenagers throwing rocks at police vans & Afrikaners
MS President P.W. Botha saying he doesn't understand why there is violence in the country. I can t see the reasons for this situation.
TLSs rocks shattering a truck windshield, white paramilitaries in back of truck firing shotguns.
President P.W. Botha saying that the government will take stronger steps to match any violence by the opposition. If necessary, we can even take stronger steps.
MS security forces in back of truck w/ rifles.
MS corpses in South African township streets; CUs mourners at funeral. MSs burial of a black man, coffin lowered into ground, dirt being shoveled onto coffin, etc; panorama of the open grasslands, funeral in FG.
MSs soldiers in armored troop carriers surrounded by dancing residents of a black township.
Native Africans protesting Apartheid in South Africa.
Dead bodies of Black South African men. Corpses on the ground. Smoldering rubble of their homes surround them. Apartheid.
Caucasian students on a university campus in Pretoria, South Africa.
Young African men on the street in Pretoria, South Africa.
Native Africans protesting Apartheid in South Africa. Caucasian students on a university campus protesting Apartheid.
MS interview with Alfred Nzo, Secretary General of the African National Congress. Intercut with footage of the poor living conditions of Native South Africans. Native South Africans commuting, caring for white children.
Poor conditions of rural Native South Africans run down farm
Jimmy Kruger (JT Kruger), South African Minister of Justice and Police, (Narrator incorrectly identifies him as Paul Kruger) speaking about the curtailing of civil/ human rights. it is the responsibility of the governing party and the people that govern. They know everything that is going on. They have been placed there by the people. And they have to see that the safety of the people, which is to them a holy matter placed in their hands, must not be in jeopardy. And therefore it is their full responsibility to decide at what stage the ordinary right of the individual, should, and can, and must be curtailed.
Police hit protestors with billyclub to move them from the area. Several reporters around.
Injured or death South Africans lying in the streets after clashes with police.
Even The Grass Grows Red Here "This film was made in 104 days of shooting over the entire continent of Africa. It is a history of how the blacks came to be dominated by the whites in the various countries of Africa. It is a history of slaughter and killings, going back 300 years, of how the whites brutally usurped the land of the blacks." Soviet propaganda film. Apartheid South Africa Interview with Oliver Tambo. .. must now be to unite all the forces that are opposed to the fascist, racist, colonialist regime in our country. Secure a broad unity of the people. And to this end, we need to mobilize and organize the working people, the working class. Consolidate them into a dynamic force. For it is upon their revolutionary struggle, that we depend for success.
South African President, Balthazar Johannes Vorster (BJ Vorster) speaking vehemently about the necessity of apartheid. this government, this nationalist party has been governing South Africa for 26 years under very difficult circumstances in the face of a hostile world. And I say to you, apart from anything else, the merit of the National Party lies in the fact that it has been able to hold South Africa for 26 years in the face of all these difficulties.
Newsreel of semi-riot in South Africa; state police charge towards camera, strike a male individual, pass on. CU of man as news team interviews him about what just occured. Says that his spirit will not be broken. TITLE CARD and CREDITS. MSs of South Africans deplaning in Moscow, greeted by smiling Soviets, some bearing bouquets of flowers. Arriving for the Solidarity Days conference. MSs of the South African solidaritists walking through Red Square, eventually placing a wreath at Lenin's tomb. CUs inside a bus as the group heads to a tribunal on Worldwide Racism and Apartheid; includes CU of REJEAN PONGO, chairman of the Tribunal.
EST outside building where tribunal was held. CU of Rejean Pongo inside building, sitting behind panel tabel, making opening remarks as to the purpose of the tribunal. Montage of the event: the panel making arguments, witnesses presenting evidence, press taking photos, audience listening. Cut to newsreel footage of South African state police chasing off a crowd (whites and blacks), beating them with their nightsticks and switches, dispersing them handily; riot police arresting protesters, beating them; great shot of two policemen shooting shotguns (!), then taunting the camera after missing the intended targets; LSs of a burning village; MS of policeman firing smoke grenade (tear gas canister?); police arresting blacks; riot police in gear, standing with K-9 unit in village; arrested blacks in truck wave happily to crowd of blacks who cheer them on in their struggle.
Newsreel footage: aerial shot of police dispersing large protest with tear gas; MS/CU of boy's face being washed of tear gas. Cut back to the tribunal, Pongo speaking about the tribunal's demand for liberation and equality in South Africa.
Cut to B&W (1960s) MCU of NELSON MANDELA speaking to a TV newscrew from his jail cell: "We have made it very clear in our policy that South Africa is a country of many races. There is room for all " Panning MS of Soviets and South Africans linked arm in arm at the conference. Cut back to apartheid newsreel:
MS of policeman firing a handgun into a crowd of protesters; LS of the crowd, pan right to a truck being pelted by rocks and debris; MS of protesters dancing before a cop and German Shepherd dog.
Apartheid in South Africa. TLS of burning van in South African township.
B&W newsreel of violent confrontations in South Africa between state police and black residents (Apartheid).
Sept 9, 1985 President Ronald Reagan on Apartheid. I respect and share the goals that have motivated many in Congress to send a message of US concern about apartheid therefore I m signing today, an executive order that will put in place a set of measures designed and aimed against the machinery of apartheid without indiscriminately punishing the people who are victims of that system. Measures that will disassociate the Untied States from apartheid but associate us positively with peaceful change.
MS/MCUs of white male traders working in a South African stock exchange; shouting prices and making bids; CUs trading board; dramatic shots of a black man perched on a tall ladder writing numbers in chalk on the board. Apartheid
MS of a young black man offering a reading from the scriptures in a Catholic church in Zimbabwe; the reading stresses the moral abhorrence of apartheid and equality in faith in Jesus.
MS/MCUs of black workers in a South African automobile factory (assembly plant); VO speculates that strikes could damage the government and therefore the Government keeps tight rein on labor leaders. Apartheid
MS/MCUs of mine workers, mostly black, working in mine; miner's helmet's with lights; VO discusses the Apartheid efforts to control the labor movement, including importing labor from abroad; MSs of train carrying ore through mine.
MS of South Africa Anglican Archbishop Desmond Tutu sermonizing, saying that Christianity does not recognize inequality. MSs of Mr. Tutu greeting worshippers after church. MSs Desmond Tutu performing rite of communion in church during mass. MSs Mr. Tutu sermonizing that there will be no peace until Apartheid is abolished; C/As black parishioners listening to sermon. CU statue of the Virgin Mary holding the baby Jesus.
Nelson Mandela: "The stand you took established the understanding among the millions of our people that here we have friends, here we have fighters against racism who feel hurt because we are hurt, who seek our success because they too seek the victory of democracy over tyranny. And here I speak not only about you, members of the United States Congress, but also of the millions of people throughout this great land who stood up and engaged the apartheid system in struggle. (applause) The masses who have given us such strength and joy by the manner in which they have received us since we arrived in this country. Mr Speaker, Mr President, Senators and Representatives: We went to jail because it was impossible to sit still while the obscenity of the apartheid system was being imposed on our people. (applause) It would have been immoral to keep quiet while a racist tyranny sought to reduce an entire people into a status worse than that of the beasts of the forest. It would have been an act of treason against the people and against our conscience to allow fear and the drive towards self-preservation to dominate our behaviour, obliging us to absent ourselves from the struggle for democracy and human rights, not only in our country but throughout the world. (applause) We could not have made an acquaintance through literature with human giants such as George Washington, Abraham Lincoln and Thomas Jefferson and not been moved to act as they were moved to act." (Standing ovation)
Even The Grass Grows Red Here "This film was made in 104 days of shooting over the entire continent of Africa. It is a history of how the blacks came to be dominated by the whites in the various countries of Africa. It is a history of slaughter and killings, going back 300 years, of how the whites brutally usurped the land of the blacks." Soviet propaganda film. Africa The aftermath of an atrocity, the site where a school teacher and entire class were shot at point black; papers and books are strewn about the remote area, the bodies piled high in a pit (flies in droves cover the bodies like a blanket). Apartheid
Apartheid in South Africa montage: TLS of a state police truck speeding along city street, spreading tear gas; TLS armored car with troops riding in hold passing by burning truck; TLSs armored vehicles, soldiers firing automatic rifles; MS several black youth (residents of township) on roadside scattering as state police in riot gear drive by in armored vehicle, tossing tear gas grenades; the minister [in vo] asks for prayers for South African liberation. MS/CUs adults use wash basin in street to wash tear gas from eyes of crying young black boy; MS of two white South African security forces shooting shotguns on a street in a black township (one soldier warns the camera crew that they had better leave quickly).
June 25th, 1990 President GEORGE BUSH welcomes Nelson Mandela to the White House (outdoor press conference). Mr. Bush welcomes & introduces Mr. Mandela. Mr. Mandela then speaks. Bush: "As Martin Luther King said on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial, we cannot walk alone. Sir, we here in America walk in solidarity with all the South Africans who seek through nonviolent means democracy, human rights, and freedom. Once again, it is a sincere privilege to welcome you to the White House, and may God bless you and all the people of South Africa. Welcome, sir." Mandela: "Mr. President, it is an honor and a pleasure for my wife, my delegation, and I to be welcomed by you. This is a continuation of the rousing welcome which we have received from the people of New York and Boston, of black and white. That welcome has far exceeded our wildest expectations. We look forward to visiting Atlanta and other cities because we are confident that the warm welcome we have received is not confined to New York, Boston, and Washington. That mood expresses the commitment of all the people of the United States of America to the struggle for the removal of apartheid. One thing that is very clear, and it has been made even more clear in the remarks by the President, is that on the question of the removal of apartheid and the introduction of a nonracial democracy in our country we are absolutely unanimous. That is something that we have always known because the people of America and the President, in particular, have spoken in this regard in very clear and firm terms. And this has been a source of great encouragement to our people. To receive the support of any government is, in our situation, something of enormous importance; but to receive the support of the Government of the United States of America, the leader of the West, is something beyond words."
Nelson Mandela: "On the initiative of the ANC, the process towards the conclusion of a peaceful settlement has started. According to a logic dictated by our situation, we are engaged in an effort which includes the removal of obstacles to negotiations. This will be followed by a negotiated determination of the mechanism which will draw up the new constitution. This should lead to the formation of this constitution-making institution and therefore the elaboration and adoption of a democratic constitution. Elections would then be held on the basis of this constitution and, for the first time, South Africa would have a body of law-makers which would, like yourselves, be mandated by the whole people. Despite the admitted commitment of President de Klerk to walk this road with us, and despite our acceptance of his integrity and the honesty of his purposes, we would be fools to believe that the road ahead of us is without major hurdles. Too many among our white compatriots are steeped in the ideology of racism to admit easily that change must come. Tragedy may yet sully the future we pray and work for if these slaves of the past take up alms in a desperate effort to resist the process which must lead to the democratic transformation of our country. (applause) For those who care to worry about violence in our country, as we do, it is at these forces that they should focus their attention, a process in which we are engaged. We must contend still with the reality that South Africa is a country in the grip of the apartheid crime against humanity. The consequences of this continue to be felt not only within our borders but throughout southern Africa which continues to harvest the bitter fruits of conflict and war, especially in Mozambique and Angola. Peace will not come to our country and region until the apartheid system is ended. (Standing ovation)
June 26, 1990 Nelson Mandela at Capitol Building, speaking to a Joint Session of Congress. C/A's of Congressmen, Senators, dignitaries, cabinet members, etc., listening & applauding (including Paul Simon, Patrick Moynihan, Speaker Tom Foley, Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney, Newt Gingrich, Dick Gephardt, Charles Rangel, Lloyd Bentsen, etc). Mandela: "To destroy racism in the world, we, together, must expunge apartheid racism in South Africa. Justice and liberty must be our tool, prosperity and happiness our weapon. Mr Speaker, Distinguished representatives of the American people: You know this more than we do that peace is its own reward. Our own fate, born by a succession of generations that reach backwards into centuries, has been nothing but tension, conflict and death. In a sense we do not know the meaning of peace except in the imagination. But because we have not known true peace in its real meaning; because, for centuries, generations have had to bury the victims of state violence, we have fought for the right to experience peace.
Nelson Mandela: "Therefore we say we still have a struggle on our hands. Our common and noble efforts to abolish the system of white minority domination must continue. We are encouraged and strengthened by the fact of the agreement between ourselves, this Congress as well as President Bush and his administration, that sanctions should remain in place. (Standing ovation) The purpose for which they were imposed has not yet been achieved. (applause) We have yet to arrive at the point when we can say that South Africa is set on an irreversible course leading to its transformation into a united, democratic and non-racial country. (applause) We plead that you cede the prerogative to the people of South Africa to determine the moment when it will be said that profound changes have occurred and an irreversible process achieved, enabling you and the rest of the international community to lift sanctions. We would like to take this opportunity to thank you all for the principled struggle you waged which resulted in the adoption of the historic Comprehensive Anti-Apartheid Act which made such a decisive contribution to the process of moving our country forward towards negotiations. We request that you go further and assist us with the material resources which will enable us to promote the peace process and meet other needs which arise from the changing situation you have helped to bring about."
President Carter continues: "Next week marks another human rights anniversary, Bill of Rights Day. Our Nation was conceived in liberty, in Lincoln's words, but it has taken nearly two centuries for that liberty to approach maturity. For most of the first half of our history, black Americans were denied even the most basic human rights. For most of the first two-thirds of our history, women were excluded from the political process. Their rights and those of Native Americans are still not constitutionally guaranteed and enforced. Even freedom of speech has been threatened periodically throughout our history. Only in the last 10 to 12 years have we achieved what Father Hesburgh has called the legal abandonment of more than three centuries of apartheid. And the struggle for full human rights for all Americans, black, brown, and white; male and female; rich and poor, is far from over. To me, as to many of you, these are not abstract matters or ideas. In the rural Georgia country where I grew up, the majority of my own fellow citizens were denied many basic rights, the right to vote, the right to speak freely without fear, the right to equal treatment under the law. I saw at first hand the effects of a system of deprivation of rights. I saw the courage of those who resisted that system. And finally, I saw the cleansing energies that were released when my own region of this country walked out of darkness and into what Hubert Humphrey, in the year of the adoption of the Universal Declaration, called the bright sunshine of human rights. The American Bill of Rights is 187 years old, and the struggle to make it a reality has occupied every one of those 187 years. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights is only 30 years old. In the perspective of history, the idea of human rights has only just been broached. I do not draw this comparison because I want to counsel patience. I draw it because I want to emphasize, in spite of difficulties, steadfastness and commitment."
